Once upon a time there was a little kingdom located far far away from the rustle and bustle of big cities called The Kingdom of Bhutan. This enchanted kingdom of the Himalayas, despite bordering the two most populated countries in the world, China and India, has always stood up for its beautiful and unique culture. The Bhutanese consider their identity the most precious inheritance they have, and to keep it as original as possible, a lot of effort has been made in order to prevent it from being spoiled by the new times and end up vanishing in the future.
It is known that, most of the time, Bhutan had chosen to keep its border closed for the purpose of preserving its culture and ensuring the maintenance of an authentic country. Because of this, there was not a market available for trading the surplus and people over there lived in a subsistence economy where nothing more than what was necessary to keep their survival was required to be produced.
Back in 1970, hoping to improve the country's economical conditions and give his people a better quality of life, his majesty the king decided to open the kingdom's doors to tourism. Concomitantly, like an alternative path to assess the economic development without jeopardising the maintenance of their unique culture and environment values, he also developed the concept of the "Gross National Happiness" (GNH). Since then, instead of using the worldwide "Gross Domestic Product" tool to measure its economy growth, the government started using GNH. This has been used not only to assess the development of the country but also as a public policy maker tool.
Back in 1970, hoping to improve the country's economical conditions and give his people a better quality of life, his majesty the king decided to open the kingdom's doors to tourism. Concomitantly, like an alternative path to assess the economic development without jeopardising the maintenance of their unique culture and environment values, he also developed the concept of the "Gross National Happiness" (GNH). Since then, instead of using the worldwide "Gross Domestic Product" tool to measure its economy growth, the government started using GNH. This has been used not only to assess the development of the country but also as a public policy maker tool.
During our stay there, we had the privilege to be hosted by the Royal University of Bhutan where we were introduced to the concept of GNH, all its greatness and also all its flaws. This national survey takes place once every 4 years when, throughout a face-to-face interview, 148 structured questions are made. These questions address 9 domains: governance, standard of living, psychological wellbeing, health, time use, community vitality, education, cultural diversity and ecological diversity. The interview takes around 3 hours to be completed and the whole process takes almost 9 months to be finished.
It was said that throughout GNH, the government have been working hard to develop the Kingdom of Bhutan, carefully balancing economic growth with social development, environmental sustainability and cultural preservation. And, despite all the effort put in it, the latest index measured in 2015 showed an increase of only 2%. This has made the government think seriously about the efficiency of GNH to the kingdom and its people.
After having spent some days in Bhutan learning with them about GNH, their reality made me think about it. What is more important nowadays: keeping the economy growth regardless of the means by which it will be reached, or simply keeping people living under subsistence conditions on behalf of one's strong values and beliefs? Neither. In our modern times where information, connectivity and technology are highly intertwined, making good choices is no longer a big problem. It is just a matter of good sense and knowledge.
I think that what has been preventing the Bhutanese government from delivering a better life to its people is not a matter of efficiency of the tool being used. But instead, I believe it is a matter of letting go some beliefs and values that are strongly rooted in the Bhutanese culture. This may be preventing them from seeing that there are ways to promote the social, economic and environmental development of a country without needing to incite the degradation and exhaustion of the natural resources.
Although they may be overvaluing some aspects in detriment of others that should also be taken into account in an holistic approach such as GNH, this neither diminishes the greatness of their attitudes toward nature nor makes their effort to preserve it less honorable. On the contrary, what they are trying desperately to say to the world is that we are running out of resources and we are running out of time.
One of the biggest challenges imposed to humankind is exactly to learn how to set up a symbiotic relationship with the planet earth where both, nature and men, can evolve and exist peacefully. As Peter Diamandis says in his book ABUNDANCE, "Imagine a world of nine billion people with clean water, nutritious food, affordable housing, personalised education, top-tier medical care, and nonpolluting energy. Building this better world is humanity's grandest challenge".
It was said that throughout GNH, the government have been working hard to develop the Kingdom of Bhutan, carefully balancing economic growth with social development, environmental sustainability and cultural preservation. And, despite all the effort put in it, the latest index measured in 2015 showed an increase of only 2%. This has made the government think seriously about the efficiency of GNH to the kingdom and its people.
After having spent some days in Bhutan learning with them about GNH, their reality made me think about it. What is more important nowadays: keeping the economy growth regardless of the means by which it will be reached, or simply keeping people living under subsistence conditions on behalf of one's strong values and beliefs? Neither. In our modern times where information, connectivity and technology are highly intertwined, making good choices is no longer a big problem. It is just a matter of good sense and knowledge.
I think that what has been preventing the Bhutanese government from delivering a better life to its people is not a matter of efficiency of the tool being used. But instead, I believe it is a matter of letting go some beliefs and values that are strongly rooted in the Bhutanese culture. This may be preventing them from seeing that there are ways to promote the social, economic and environmental development of a country without needing to incite the degradation and exhaustion of the natural resources.
Although they may be overvaluing some aspects in detriment of others that should also be taken into account in an holistic approach such as GNH, this neither diminishes the greatness of their attitudes toward nature nor makes their effort to preserve it less honorable. On the contrary, what they are trying desperately to say to the world is that we are running out of resources and we are running out of time.
One of the biggest challenges imposed to humankind is exactly to learn how to set up a symbiotic relationship with the planet earth where both, nature and men, can evolve and exist peacefully. As Peter Diamandis says in his book ABUNDANCE, "Imagine a world of nine billion people with clean water, nutritious food, affordable housing, personalised education, top-tier medical care, and nonpolluting energy. Building this better world is humanity's grandest challenge".